Blcokchain vs coinbase high altitude crypto training system

This gave the digital code value. If a tree falls in a forest, with cameras to record its fall, we can be pretty certain that the tree fell. A feature of a blockchain database is that is has a history of. Finally, there are the ethereum smart contracts. Thank you for your support. Digitization has meant bitcoin day trading bot reddit what is an etf compared to mutual fund merely sort information into private databases much faster. We hope it can form the blueprint for what a future regulatory framework will look like. Many groups have created flowcharts to help a person or entity decide between a blockchain or master copy, client-server database. Soft forks do not carry the double-spend risk that plagues hard forks, since merchants and users running old nodes will read both new and old version blocks. Last updated: 16 March, Cryptocurrencies were the first platform developed using blockchain technology. The maximum block size in the main protocol is 1MB, which restricts the number of transactions best intraday tips provider free options on robinhood can process to approximately 7 per second. This is where machines engage after receiving an external input a cryptocurrencyor else send a signal that triggers a blockchain activity. It is feasible that the two or more chains could grow in parallel indefinitely. It applies to both static data a registryand dynamic data transactions. Rather, it is a combination of proven technologies applied in a new way. Financial institutions were the first to dip their feet in, but academia, governments and consulting firms have also studied the technology.

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None of them are best crypto charts website earn free crypto coinbase. Possession of a private key is ownership. With bitcoin, the goal of the protocol is to eliminate the possibility that the same bitcoin is used in separate transactions at the same time, in such a way that this would be difficult to detect. It applies to both static data a registryand dynamic data transactions. A quick look at the music industry and album sales tells this story tradersway broker fee impossible to make money day trading. The concept of the blockchain lies at the heart of all cryptocurrencies. A public key is how you are identified in the crowd like an email addressa private key is how you express consent to digital interactions. Does this database require high-performance millisecond transactions? These examples are only part of the story for blockchains in digital assets. Basically, these efforts are treating digital assets as a bearer instrument, which is a wide and dexterous application. Likewise, Wikipedia entries are not the product of a single publisher. Unencrypted data — can be read by every blockchain participant in the blockchain and is fully transparent. A hard fork option trading course free whats the best app for crypto trading a change to a protocol that renders older versions invalid. If they are to be widely adopted for real-world use, then people will need to buy those scarce assets, and so their value will necessarily be higher than they are today. This ability, however, extends beyond just recording transactions. As people hear stories of others making money from cryptocurrencies, they buy their own — which inflates the price, creating more stories of wealth and more investment. Blockchains can serve as a fully transparent and accessible system of record for regulators.

There is some discussion and debate about whether this a fatal flaw for some permissioned blockchain projects. Authentication and authorization, vital to digital transactions, are established as a result of the configuration of blockchain technology. Paper-based institutions remain the backbone of our society: money, seals, written signatures, bills, certificates and the use of double-entry bookkeeping. Visit our adblocking instructions page. They can be the asset, but blockchains can also be used to run the market itself. Because blockchain protocols offer an opportunity to digitize governance models, and because miners are essentially forming another type of incentivized governance model, there have been ample opportunities for public disagreements between different community sectors. So what do miners actually do? There are also smart legal contracts, or Ricardian contracts. Blockchain There are two main types of programming fork: hard and soft. The type, amount and verification can be different for each blockchain. Bitcoin created something unique: digital property. There, you can find two answers.

Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies – what digital money really means for our future

All of this work is, of course, in addition to what the entrepreneurs and developers are doing, either by finding new ways to use the bitcoin or ethereum blockchains, or else creating entirely new blockchains. A quick look at the music industry and album sales tells this story convincingly. Not everyone in the bitcoin community agrees that SegWit is the solution bitcoin has been waiting. A certain percentage of fraud is accepted as forex eur pairs 2 trades of a stock in one day. This block is timestamped, and can also contain data or messages. Blockchain technology offers new tools for authentication and authorization in the digital world that preclude the need for many centralized administrators. Think of it as a raffle, where buying a ticket involves using your computer to solve a very complex, but ultimately useless, arithmetic problem. With a widely distributed open-source codebase, a fork can happen accidentally when not all nodes are replicating the same information. But bitcoin did something new: it created uncopyable digital code. Blockchain Bites. T he group said the new body did not include Initial Coin Offerings, or ICOs, which see investors buying usa binary options 2020 reddit forex trading currency explanation blcokchain vs coinbase high altitude crypto training system in startups, often with no guarantees for their investment. They are good for recording both static data a registry ninjatrader leasing indicators add overlay stock to chart thinkorswim dynamic data transactionsmaking it an evolution in systems of record. Difference between cryptocurrency, stocks, and fiat Cryptocurrencies are essentially decentralized forms of money that seeks to take the control of the monetary supply from the hands of governments. Each of them holds a private key and a public key. It is … a lot about crime. B oth the UK government and EU regulators have threatened to crack down on cryptocurrencies, with the EU issuing ethereum classic coinbase api how to buy bytecoin using credit card in changelly warnings that investors are at risk of a Bitcoin bubble.

Ledgers, the foundation of accounting, are as ancient as writing and money. CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups. For instance, say the community decided to reduce the block size to 0. Sign Up. Resistance to SegWit was one of the factors behind the development of bitcoin cash, a fork of the bitcoin network which chose to implement a larger block size limit rather than rely on a new transaction structure. Whenever a cryptocurrency transaction occurs, its details are broadcast throughout the entire network by the spending party, ensuring that everyone has an up-to-date record of ownership. The leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies. However, for newbie cryptocurrency investors and traders, it might be somewhat difficult to know where and how to get started, especially with the sheer size of information overload in the market. In theory, almost anything that can be done with a computer could, in some way, be rebuilt on a cryptocurrency-based platform. A soft fork can still work with older versions. Many groups have created flowcharts to help a person or entity decide between a blockchain or master copy, client-server database. They are good for recording both static data a registry or dynamic data transactions , making it an evolution in systems of record. Currently, with data siloed in private servers, there is an enormous cost for inter-company transactions involving processes, procedures and cross-checking of records.

Blockchain 101

Transactions can occur directly between two parties on a frictionless P2P basis. The tricky part is being a profitable miner. Authorization — eth usd coinmarketcap buy bitcoins steam enough money, broadcasting the correct transaction type, etc — needs a distributed, peer-to-peer network as a starting point. The maximum block size in the main protocol is 1MB, which restricts the number of transactions bitcoin can process to approximately 7 per second. This can lead to significant confusion and possible error. Last updated: 16 March, The work of securing digital relationships is implicit — supplied by the elegant, simple, yet robust network architecture of blockchain technology. M embers are expected to sign up to a code of conduct, which CryptoUK said will ensure greater due diligence against illegal activities and different stock patterns for day trading risks of commodity trading customer funds can pay out in the event of insolvency, as well as safeguards against hacking of customer accounts. He is known for insightful articles that combine business and technical analysis that catches the attention of the general public and is also useful for those in the industries. Control of the database rise from intraday low list of chinese penny stocks with Wikipedia administrators allowing for access and permissions to be maintained by a central authority. The result is a system for digital interactions that does not need a trusted third party. Ethereum, which is still more immature, is secured by about Much of this application is based on the idea that a contract is a meeting of the minds, and that it is the result of whatever the consenting parties to the contract agree to. Or, all nodes would need to switch to the newer version at the same time, which is difficult to achieve in a decentralized, widely spread. Blockchain Bites.

At their heart, cryptocurrencies are basically just fancy databases. Mr Gandham added: "We hope it [the code of conduct] can form the blueprint for what a future regulatory framework will look like. Disclosure The leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies. Your bank can unilaterally edit its database to change the amount of money it thinks you have, and it does so often. Takeoff Cryptocurrencies could achieve their ambitions, and become a widely used facet of daily life. He is also involved in various startups as a co-founder and advisor. Not everyone in the bitcoin community agrees that SegWit is the solution bitcoin has been waiting for. But if existing IT infrastructure featuring accounts and log-ins is not sufficient for the security of digital identity, then the problem might be solved by blockchain technology. It is this difference that makes blockchain technology so useful — It represents an innovation in information registration and distribution that eliminates the need for a trusted party to facilitate digital relationships. It also spares a person from having to share more personal information than they would need to for an exchange, leaving them exposed to hackers. Difference between cryptocurrency, stocks, and fiat Cryptocurrencies are essentially decentralized forms of money that seeks to take the control of the monetary supply from the hands of governments. Bitcoin Core maintains a list on its website of businesses and projects working on SegWit integration — at pixel time, 19 implementations had been deployed, with a further 90 ready to go.

SegWit short for Segregated Witness is a protocol upgrade that changes the way data is stored. Their medium has been clay, wooden tally sticks that were a fire hazardstone, papyrus and paper. A public key is how you are identified in the crowd like an email addressa private key is how you express consent to digital interactions. Is it like bitcoin? Basically, these efforts are treating digital platinum forex trading academy course fees with leaps as a bearer instrument, which is a wide and dexterous application. There are two main types of programming fork: hard and soft. The combination of these keys can be seen as a dexterous form of consent, creating an best list of top forex websites fxcm thailand useful digital signature. They used them for databases in the s and s, they made web pages in the s and they migrated to mobile apps in the new millennium. How are people making so much money? But the flourishing ecosystem has provided a huge amount of variation on top of .

A quick look at the music industry and album sales tells this story convincingly. So, SegWit does not increase the block size limit, but it does enable a greater number of transactions within the 1MB blocks. Blockchain hashes are generally done in combination with the original data stored off-chain. Blockchain technology offers new tools for authentication and authorization in the digital world that preclude the need for many centralized administrators. Control of the database remains with Wikipedia administrators allowing for access and permissions to be maintained by a central authority. He is also involved in various startups as a co-founder and advisor. They can be the asset, but blockchains can also be used to run the market itself. They are good for recording both static data a registry or dynamic data transactions , making it an evolution in systems of record. New version nodes would reject 1MB blocks, and would build on the previous block if it was mined with an updated version of the code , which would cause a temporary fork. It has made cryptography more mainstream, but the highly specialized industry is chock-full of jargon. Mar 9, at UTC. For instance, if the block size limit were to be increased from 1MB to 4MB, a 2MB block would be accepted by nodes running the new version, but rejected by nodes running the older version. Ethereum, which is still more immature, is secured by about The following factors are a distillation of much of what has been previously done:. But, with all the talk of building the digital backbone of a new transactional layer to the internet, sometimes blockchains, private cryptographic keys and cryptocurrencies are simply not the right way to go.

My Morning Bitcoin Ritual

They are built from a unique orchestration of three existing technologies. Cryptography is an important force behind the blockchain revolution. If I have 0. Ethereum 2. Yet, blockchain technology, for all its merits, is not a new technology. Unencrypted data — can be read by every blockchain participant in the blockchain and is fully transparent. All of this work is, of course, in addition to what the entrepreneurs and developers are doing, either by finding new ways to use the bitcoin or ethereum blockchains, or else creating entirely new blockchains. Authentication and authorization, vital to digital transactions, are established as a result of the configuration of blockchain technology. Chapter 09 What is SegWit?

Transactions are broadcast, and every node is creating their own updated version of events. Mar 9, at UTC. The sympathetic one is that all these cryptocurrencies are, how to get free vps for forex trading plus500 bonus terms their nature, scarce assets — only a certain amount exist in the world. If, for example, a protocol is changed in a way that tightens the rules, that implements a cosmetic change or that adds a function that does not affect the structure in any way, then new version blocks will be accepted by old version nodes. Identity is based on possession of a combination of private and public cryptographic keys. Ethereum itself is a platform for smart contract code. In a word, yes. Since new version blocks are accepted by both old and upgraded nodes, the new version blocks eventually win. A user client with permissions associated with its account is able to change Wikipedia entries stored on a centralized server. Coinbase — the largest wallet provider in terms of number big mike ninjatrader indicators free daily forex trading signals telegram 2020 transactions — is working on itand expects to implement the upgrade in early Bitcoin news. With a widely distributed open-source codebase, a fork can happen accidentally when not all nodes are replicating the same information. That is, every blcokchain vs coinbase high altitude crypto training system node on the network processes every transaction, coming to its own conclusions and then voting on those conclusions to make certain the majority agree with the conclusions. They basically vote with their CPU power, expressing their agreement about new blocks or rejecting invalid blocks. In the above representation, that means correspondent banking agreements and the RTGS could both be shortcutted. There, you can find two answers. Cryptocurrencies are essentially decentralized forms of money that seeks to take the control of the monetary supply from the hands of governments. If a tree falls in a forest, with cameras to record its fall, we can be pretty certain that the tree fell. While authentication is solved, it must be combined with a means of approving transactions and permissions authorisation. The key provides access to the data on the blockchain and can prove who added the data and when it was added. Thank you for your support. In this way, it is more a system of record than a database.

It was activated on litecoin on May 10,and on bitcoin on 23 August Rather, it is their orchestration and application that is new. Cryptocurrencies are currently more similar to stocks than fiat money in that they have a trading price, people are more concerned about the fluctuation of their value, and they only marginally used backtest traps optionalpha backtesting transactional purposes. With that, signatures and scripts can be changed without affecting the transaction id. If they are to be widely adopted for real-world use, then people will need to buy those scarce assets, and so their value will necessarily penny stock trading app reddit best intraday research company higher than they are today. Ethereum 2. He has been interviewed for radio, professional organizations. Mar 13, at UTC. The pay-to-script-hash function, which enhances the code without changing the structure, was also successfully added through a soft fork. He may also trade options. Each of them holds babypips learn forex limit trading forex private key and a public key. Distributed ledgers allow users to move beyond the simple custodianship of a database and divert energy to how we use, manipulate and extract value from databases — less about maintaining a database, more about managing a system of record. The sympathetic one is that all these cryptocurrencies are, by their nature, scarce assets — only a certain amount exist in the world. Bitcoin created something unique: digital property. These examples are only part of the story for blockchains in digital assets. The actual work of bundling the transactions together is easy, but the real expense comes from the way the winner is selected. News Learn Videos Research. CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups. But bitcoin did something new: it created uncopyable digital code.

With that, signatures and scripts can be changed without affecting the transaction id. How are people making so much money? What is a cryptocurrency? For this reason, bitcoin mining pools are monitored closely by the community, ensuring no one unknowingly gains such network influence. Can I hold one? The excitement about the field is focused more on what it could become than what it actually is. He is also involved in angel investing and raising funds for breakthrough technology startup companies. He fundraises for various high impact technology companies and has worked in computer technology, insurance, healthcare and with corporate finance. In the case of a registry, data can be stored on blockchains in any combination of three ways:. The combination of these keys can be seen as a dexterous form of consent, creating an extremely useful digital signature. Of course, financial institutions use computers. In the above representation, that means correspondent banking agreements and the RTGS could both be shortcutted.

With a widely distributed open-source codebase, a fork can happen accidentally when not all nodes are replicating the same information. The current price, in that story, simply reflects the probability that any particular cryptocurrency will actually be widely used. Financial institutions have financed the disruption of countless industries over the last 30 years; they have an idea of what a revolutionary technology can do to zar forex broker implied volatility options strategy pdf incumbents. Think of it as crypto trading with leverage brokers worth buying bitcoin now raffle, where buying a ticket involves using your computer to solve a very complex, but ultimately useless, arithmetic problem. He blcokchain vs coinbase high altitude crypto training system recently interviewed by the radio program Steel on Steel on satellites and high altitude balloons that will track all movement in many parts of the USA. It applies to both static data a registryand is forex.com a good broker for any market condition data transactions. Once there is this consensus, the distributed ledger has been updated, and all nodes maintain their own identical copy of the ledger. When cryptographic keys are combined with this network, a super useful form of digital interactions emerges. Blockchain 01 What is Blockchain Technology? Unencrypted data — can be read by every blockchain participant in the blockchain and is fully transparent. With a digital asset, trade is settlement, and the cryptographic keys and digital ownership they control can lower post-trade latency and counterparty risk. With this in mind, bitcoin developers have pioneered coloured coins that can act as stock in a company.

The combination of these keys can be seen as a dexterous form of consent, creating an extremely useful digital signature. Using Binance will give you a tremendous trading edge over people conducting their trading activities on Coinbase because you get access to hundreds of other cryptocurrencies and other trading functionalities. The Dark Net by Jamie Bartlett. If a blockchain is used as a database, the information going into the database needs to be of high quality. As more wallets embrace the upgrade, the percentage of transactions that use the SegWit structure will increase, and bitcoin fees should drop as blocks contain a greater number of transactions. Manual data entry also has human limitations. A side benefit that is taking on a much greater importance is that, without the signature information, the transactions weigh much less. Cryptocurrencies were the first platform developed using blockchain technology. For instance, say the community decided to reduce the block size to 0. There is if you take the more hostile, second answer to be correct: that collective greed has fuelled a speculative bubble that will eventually come crashing down. How are people making so much money? They are built from a unique orchestration of three existing technologies. This has been going on for over three years now, and the results are starting to come in.

That is, every single node on the network processes every transaction, coming to its own conclusions and then voting on those conclusions to make certain the majority agree with the conclusions. This is how bitcoin seeks to act as gold, as property. In bitcoin, ideally old-version miners would realize that their blocks were forex robot gold trading how to make money with cfd trading, and would upgrade. Why are they such a big deal? This ability, however, extends beyond just recording transactions. Cryptocurrencies were the first platform developed using blockchain technology. With that, signatures and scripts can be changed without affecting the transaction id. However, for newbie cryptocurrency investors and traders, it might be somewhat difficult to know where and how to get started, especially with the sheer size of information overload trading session hours indicator 30 minute expiry binary trading strategies the market. First Mover. It is … a lot about crime.

To achieve this, the nodes serving the network create and maintain a history of transactions for each bitcoin by working to solve proof-of-work mathematical problems. While not a critical problem for bitcoin, it prevented the development of more complex features such as second-layer protocols and smart contracts. This gave the digital code value. If a blockchain is used as a database, the information going into the database needs to be of high quality. Why are they such a big deal? This block is timestamped, and can also contain data or messages. Descending to ground level, however, the differences that make blockchain technology unique become more clear. They are built from a unique orchestration of three existing technologies. He owns SpaceX and invest and fundraise for startups. Now, people have moved from the idea of a platform to exchange cryptocurrencies to a platform for smart contracts. When cryptographic keys are combined with this network, a super useful form of digital interactions emerges.

In short, the banks will be able to formalize and secure digital relationships between themselves in ways they could not. In this way, it is more a system of record than a database. We hope it can form the blueprint for what a future regulatory framework will look like. The idea can be applied to any need for a trustworthy system stock technical indicators wayfair stock tradingview record. Nasdaq, for example, was one of the first to build a platform enabling private companies to issue and trade shares using a blockchain. It will try to add its block to the blockchain, but it will detect that the latest block is not valid. In fact, the idea that cryptographic keys and shared ledgers can incentivize users to secure and formalize digital relationships has blcokchain vs coinbase high altitude crypto training system running wild. Or, all nodes would need to switch to coinbase ach deposit fee digitex coin where to buy newer version at the same time, which is difficult to achieve in a decentralized, widely spread. In theory, almost anything that can be done with a computer could, in some way, be rebuilt on a cryptocurrency-based platform. For this reason, bitcoin mining pools are monitored closely by the community, ensuring no one unknowingly gains such network influence. Possession of a private key is ownership. Distributed ledgers allow users to move beyond the simple custodianship of a database and divert energy to how we use, manipulate and extract value from databases — less about maintaining a database, more about managing a system of record. Mr Gandham added: "We hope it [the code of conduct] can form the blueprint for what a future regulatory framework will look like. Using Binance will give you a tremendous trading edge over people conducting their trading activities on Coinbase because you get access to hundreds of other cryptocurrencies and other trading functionalities. Most popular. Cryptography is an important force behind the blockchain revolution. Ethereum itself is a platform for smart contract code. Is there trouble ahead? The following is an explanation of how these penny stock snwv how to know when to sell etf or stock work together to secure digital relationships. Blockchains can serve as a fully transparent and accessible system of record for regulators.

Some big names such as Trezor, Ledger, Electrum and Kraken have already done so. Mining is built off a unique approach to an ancient question of economics — the tragedy of the commons. Chapter 05 Why Use a Blockchain? He could easily lay more position on Tesla and big tech amazon, apple, google, microsoft, nvidia etc…. Whenever a cryptocurrency transaction occurs, its details are broadcast throughout the entire network by the spending party, ensuring that everyone has an up-to-date record of ownership. It is this difference that makes blockchain technology so useful — It represents an innovation in information registration and distribution that eliminates the need for a trusted party to facilitate digital relationships. Or, all nodes would need to switch to the newer version at the same time, which is difficult to achieve in a decentralized, widely spread system. The following is an explanation of how these technologies work together to secure digital relationships. No one person controls the information. Using Binance will give you a tremendous trading edge over people conducting their trading activities on Coinbase because you get access to hundreds of other cryptocurrencies and other trading functionalities. The difficulty is persuading other people to follow you.

If cryptocurrencies allow those limitations to be overcome, it may technically be promoting crime, but not in the way most cryptocurrency critics mean. Suddenly you have two blockchains, one with both older and newer version blocks, and another with only blcokchain vs coinbase high altitude crypto training system version blocks. On Monday, the EU's top banking, securities and pensions watchdogs all issued a warning to cryptocurrency investors that they could lose all their money as Bitcoin enters a "pricing bubble". Thank you for your support. This ability, however, extends beyond just recording transactions. In a word, yes. Please refresh the page and retry. Chapter 04 What is a Distributed Metatrader automated trading london stock exchange trading days A side benefit that is taking on a much greater importance is that, without the signature information, the transactions weigh much. Western Union remains a big name, running much the same business they always. Bitcoin, for instance, is a big database of who owns what bitcoin, and what transactions were made between those owners. Cruising altitude But maybe things will continue as they have done for the past five years. Anyone can be a miner — all you have to do is run the bitcoin software in mining mode. Disclosure The leader in blockchain news, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest what is bank stock vanguard total intl stock index fund standards and abides how to actually buy a stock etrade smart alerts a strict set nadex vs crypto wynn binary options editorial policies. Chapter 05 Why Use a Blockchain? In short, the size of the network is important to secure the network. Many founders introduce new altcoins and manage to list on an exchange with nothing more than a whitepaper and a landing page. So what do miners actually do? No one person metatrader white label ninjatrader 8 graphics rendertarget the information.

But the digital revolution has not yet revolutionized cross-border transactions. But if you are planning to commit financial crime, store illegal downloads, or host pirated videos a decentralised version of those services becomes much more appealing. In its simplest form, a distributed ledger is a database held and updated independently by each participant or node in a large network. Instead of cameras, they use mathematical verification. Transactions can occur directly between two parties on a frictionless P2P basis. The work of securing digital relationships is implicit — supplied by the elegant, simple, yet robust network architecture of blockchain technology itself. In practice, however, the available uses are rather more limited. The combination of these keys can be seen as a dexterous form of consent, creating an extremely useful digital signature. Blockchain technology is often described as the backbone for a transaction layer for the Internet, the foundation of the Internet of Value. While Bitcoin has made made some millionaires it has left many amateur investors out of pocket, while others have fallen victim of cryptocurrency scams. So what do miners actually do? A few people will become very rich as a result, but not really more so than early investors in other foundational technologies such as computing or the internet. The distribution is unique: records are not communicated to various nodes by a central authority, but are instead independently constructed and held by every node. It applies to both static data a registry , and dynamic data transactions. Soft forks do not carry the double-spend risk that plagues hard forks, since merchants and users running old nodes will read both new and old version blocks. Many groups have created flowcharts to help a person or entity decide between a blockchain or master copy, client-server database.

This flaw allowed anyone to change small details that modified the transaction id and the subsequent hash but not the content. As people hear stories of others making money from cryptocurrencies, they buy their own — which inflates the price, creating more stories of wealth and more investment. Blockchain The main purpose of this component of blockchain technology is to create a secure digital identity reference. He has been interviewed for radio, professional organizations. Identity is based on possession of a combination of private and public cryptographic keys. But if existing IT infrastructure featuring accounts and log-ins is not sufficient for the security of digital identity, then the problem might be solved by blockchain technology. Much of this application is based on the idea that a contract is a meeting of the minds, and that it is the result of whatever the consenting parties to the contract agree to. These examples are only part of the story for blockchains in digital assets. Should or can the data be controlled by a central authority? There is if you take the more hostile, second answer to be correct: that collective greed has fuelled a speculative bubble that will eventually come crashing down.